Concepts of Subnetting

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Subnetting is a technique used in order to divide a network into subnetworks, so that all of the networks could mange easily and if a network fails then it will not affect on the other networks. When we do subnetting a concept of subnet mask is used in order to divide a network into subnetworks. So we will learn that how do we create subnetworks by using subnet mask. For instance if we use 192.77.50.0 which is a class C IP address so here we need class C subnet mask 255.255.255.0. So it depends on the numbers of the subnetworks we have to create means if we have to create 2 subnetworks then we will borrow a bit from third octate of the subnet mask. We can easily calculate no. of bits to create desired no. of networks with the help of 2n, where n is no of bits. So we will borrow 1 bit because 21 = 2. Believe me it is very easy. Let me show you how do we do that.

IP address:        192.77.50.0
Subnet mask:        255.255.255.0
No. of networks:      2
Now write the subnet mask in the form of binary notation, Subnet mask in binary notation:         11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 As we know the place values of the binary bits in each octate would be 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 ,

Now lets borrow a bit from binary formed subnet mask, So the new calculated subnet mask would be:        11111111.11111111.11111110.10000000 Now write it again in decimal from:         255.255.254.128 So the calculated subnet mask would be:        255.255.254.128

OK, you should probably Know that there are maximum 256 host can be available in class C. And possible no. of host who can be assigned an IP address would be "no. of possible host - 2 => 256 -2 = 254". So each sub-network will hold 254 possible no. of host. Now you can assign IP address to each sub network. And the IP address in first sub-network would be start from 192.77.50.1 except 192.77.50.0 because this address will be used as a network address similarly last IP address of the first sub-network would be 192.77.50.255 except 192.77.50.256 because this IP address will be used as a broadcast IP address to first sub-network. So the first sub-network will hold IP addresses from 192.77.50.1 to 192.77.50.255 and so forth.


Keep learning from computerflicks, because it is beyond computing.

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